Electro-kinetic air refreshener-conditioner with optional night light

ABSTRACT

An electro-kinetic electro-static air conditioner includes a self-contained ion generator that provides electro-kinetically moved air with ions and safe amounts of ozone. The conditioner may be sized to condition air in a closet, or may include an illumination source and be sized to be attached to an AC wall outlet to provide a night light function as well as a conditioning function. The ion generator includes a high voltage pulse generator whose output pulses are coupled between first and second electrode arrays. Preferably the first array comprises one or more pin-like electrodes and the second array comprises one or more washer-like electrodes. Preferably a ratio between effective area of an electrode in the second array compared to effective area of an electrode in the first array exceeds about 15:1 and preferably is about 20:1. An electric field produced by the high voltage pulses between the arrays produces an electrostatic flow of ionized air containing safe amounts of ozone. A bias electrode, electrically coupled to the second array electrodes, affects net polarity of ions generated. The outflow of ionized air and ozone is thus conditioned.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to electro-kinetic conversion of electrical energy into fluid flow of an ionizable dielectric medium, and more specifically to methods and devices for electro-kinetically producing a flow of air from which particulate matter has been substantially removed. Preferably the air flow should contain safe amounts of ozone (O₃).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is often desired to refresh the air in a room, especially in a closet. Electric motor driven fan blades can be used to create an air flow but are noisy, and can present a hazard to children who may be tempted to poke a finger or a pencil into the moving fan blade. Although such fans can produce substantial air flow, e.g., 1,000 ft³ /minute or more, substantial electrical power is required to operate the motor, and essentially no conditioning of the flowing air occurs.

It is known to provide such fans with a HEPA-compliant filter element to remove particulate matter larger than perhaps 0.3 μm. Unfortunately, the resistance to air flow presented by the filter element may require doubling the electric motor size to maintain a desired level of airflow. Further, HEPA-compliant filter elements are expensive, and can represent a substantial portion of the sale price of a HEPA-compliant filter-fan unit. While such filter-fan units can condition the air by removing large particles, particulate matter small enough to pass through the filter element is not removed, including bacteria, for example.

It is also known in the art to produce an air flow using electro-kinetic techniques, by which electrical power is directly converted into a flow of air without mechanically moving components. One such system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,789,801 to Lee (1988), depicted herein in simplified form as FIGS. 1A and 1B. Lee's system 10 includes an array of small area ("minisectional") electrodes 20 that is spaced-apart symmetrically from an array of larger area ("maxisectional") electrodes 30. The positive terminal of a pulse generator 40 that outputs a train of high voltage pulses (e.g., 0 to perhaps +5 KV) is coupled to the minisectional array, and the negative pulse generator terminal is coupled to the maxisectional array.

The high voltage pulses ionize the air between the arrays, and an air flow 50 from the minisectional array toward the maxisectional array results, without requiring any moving parts. Particulate matter 60 in the air is entrained within the airflow 50 and also moves towards the maxisectional electrodes 30. Much of the particulate matter is electrostatically attracted to the surface of the maxisectional electrode array, where it remains, thus conditioning the flow of air exiting system 10. Further, the high voltage field present between the electrode arrays can release ozone into the ambient environment, which appears to destroy or at least alter whatever is entrained in the airflow, including for example, bacteria.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1A, minisectional electrodes 20 are circular in cross-section, having a diameter of about 0.003" (0.08 mm), whereas the maxisectional electrodes 30 are substantially larger in area and define a "teardrop" shape in cross-section. The ratio of cross-sectional areas between the maxisectional and minisectional electrodes is not explicitly stated, but from Lee's figures appears to exceed 10:1. As shown in FIG. 1A herein, the bulbous front surfaces of the maxisectional electrodes face the minisectional electrodes, and the somewhat sharp trailing edges face the exit direction of the air flow. The "sharpened" trailing edges on the maxisectional electrodes apparently promote good electrostatic attachment of particular matter entrained in the airflow. Lee does not disclose how the teardrop shaped maxisectional electrodes are fabricated, but presumably they are produced using a relatively expensive mold-casting or an extrusion process.

In another embodiment shown herein as FIG. 1B, Lee's maxisectional sectional electrodes 30 are symmetrical and elongated in cross-section. The elongated trailing edges on the maxisectional electrodes provide increased area upon which particulate matter entrained in the airflow can attach. Lee states that precipitation efficiency and desired reduction of anion release into the environment can result from including a passive third array of electrodes 70. Understandably, increasing efficiency by adding a third array of electrodes will contribute to the cost of manufacturing and maintaining the resultant system.

While the electrostatic techniques disclosed by Lee are advantageous to conventional electric fan-filter units, Lee's maxisectional electrodes are relatively expensive to fabricate. Further, increased filter efficiency beyond what Lee's embodiments can produce would be advantageous, especially without including a third array of electrodes.

Thus, there is a need for an electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner that provides improved efficiency over Lee-type systems, without requiring expensive production techniques to fabricate the electrodes. Preferably such a conditioner should function efficiently without requiring a third array of electrodes. Further, such a conditioner should optionally generate safe amounts of ozone, for example to remove odor from the ambient environment. Preferably such a device should be manufacturable in a portable size, for example for use within a closed closet. Preferably such a device should also be manufacturable in a sufficiently small size such that the device can be supported by an AC plug from which it receives operating power. Indeed, such a device should be able to provide a night light function as well.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for electro-kinetically transporting and conditioning air, and provides device embodiments useful as a self-contained closet air conditioner as well as an AC-powered room conditioner/night light.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The present invention provides an electro-kinetic system for transporting and conditioning air without moving parts. The air is conditioned in the sense that it is ionized and contains safe amounts of ozone. In one embodiment, the system is intended for use within a closet and preferably is battery operated. An alternative embodiment is AC-powered and includes a night-light. This second embodiment has a form factor such that the device plugs directly into an AC wall socket and is retained in place by friction between AC-blades projecting from the device and mating connector slots in the socket.

Each embodiment of an electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner includes a compact louvered or grilled body that houses an ionizer unit. The ionizer unit includes a high voltage DC inverter that boosts battery voltage (in the first embodiment) or common household AC voltage (in the second embodiment) to high voltage. The ionizer unit further includes a generator that receives the high voltage DC and outputs high voltage pulses of perhaps 10 KV peak-to-peak, although an essentially 100% duty cycle (e.g., high voltage DC) output could be used instead of pulses. The unit also includes an electrode assembly unit comprising first and second spaced-apart arrays of conducting electrodes, the first array and second array being coupled, respectively, preferably to the positive and negative output ports of the high voltage generator. In the second, AC-operated embodiment, a illumination source and a light-sensing device are included. In addition to conditioning ambient air, the second embodiment also functions to provide a night-light.

In each system embodiment, the electrode assembly preferably is formed using first and second arrays of readily manufacturable electrode types. In one assembly embodiment, the first array comprises wire-like electrodes and the second array comprises "U"-shaped electrodes having one or two trailing surfaces. In an even more efficient assembly embodiment, the first array includes at least one pin or cone-like electrode and the second array is an annular washer-like electrode. The electrode assembly may comprise various combinations of the described first and second array electrodes. In the various embodiments, the ratio between effective area of the second array electrodes to the first array electrodes is at least about 20:1.

The high voltage pulses create an electric field between the first and second electrode arrays. This field produces an electro-kinetic airflow going from the first array toward the second array, the airflow being rich in preferably a net surplus of negative ions and in ozone. Ambient air including dust particles and other undesired components (germs, perhaps) enter the housing through the grill or louver openings, and ionized clean air (with ozone) exits through openings on the downstream side of the housing.

The dust and other particulate matter attaches electrostatically to the second array (or collector) electrodes, and the output air is substantially clean of such particulate matter. Further, ozone generated by the present invention can kill certain types of germs and the like, and also eliminates odors in the output air. Preferably the transporter operates in periodic bursts, and a control permits the user to temporarily increase the high voltage pulse generator output, e.g., to more rapidly eliminate odors in the environment.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description in which the preferred embodiments have been set forth in detail, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a plan, cross-sectional view, of a first embodiment of a prior art electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner system, according to the prior art;

FIG. 1B is a plan, cross-sectional view, of a second embodiment of a prior art electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner system, according to the prior art;

FIG. 2A is an perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2B is a perspective cutaway view of the embodiment of FIG. 2A, depicting a preferred electrode assembly, according to the present invention;

FIG. 2C is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2D is a perspective cutaway view of the embodiment of FIG. 2C, depicting a preferred electrode assembly, according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a generic electrical block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 4A is a perspective view showing a first embodiment for an electrode assembly, according to the present invention;

FIG. 4B is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4C is a perspective view showing a second embodiment for an electrode assembly, according to the present invention;

FIG. 4D is a plan view of a modified version of the embodiment of FIG. 4C;

FIG. 4E is a perspective view showing a third embodiment for an electrode assembly, according to the present invention;

FIG. 4F is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 4E;

FIG. 4G is a perspective view showing a fourth embodiment for an electrode assembly, according to the present invention;

FIG. 4H is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 4G;

FIG. 4I is a perspective view depicting a fifth embodiment for an electrode assembly, according to the present invention;

FIG. 4J is a detailed cross-sectional view of a portion of the embodiment of FIG. 4I;

FIG. 4K is a detailed cross-sectional view of a portion of an alternative to the embodiment of FIG. 4I.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIGS. 2A and 2B depict a first embodiment of an electrokinetic air transporter-conditioner system 100 that is especially adapted for use as a self-contained air refreshener in a closet. System 100 is contained in a housing 102 that preferably rear-located intake vents or louvers 104 and preferably front and side-located exhaust vents 106. If desired, a single vent may be used for both intake and exhaust. Internal to the transporter housing is an ion generating unit 160.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 2A and 2B, unit 160 receives DC operating power, preferably from an internal battery (B1), or from an AC:DC power converter, whose DC output is coupled via input jack J1 to unit 160. A switch S1 may be used to energize unit 160, by completing the input power circuit. In the embodiments of FIGS. 2C and 2D, unit 160 may be AC-coupled, operating directly from 115/220 VAC, and will include an AC:DC power supply. Ion generating unit 160 is self-contained in that other than ambient air and (for an AC-powered embodiment, AC operating potential) nothing is required from beyond the transporter housing to operate the present invention.

In FIG. 2A, the upper surface of housing 102 includes a retainer hook 112 that permits system 100 to be suspended from a hanger pole 114 or other projection commonly found in a closet. Of course, system 100 may instead be placed atop a shelf 116 within the closet.

As best seen in FIG. 2B, all embodiments of the present invention include an electrode assembly 220 that comprises a first array 230 of electrodes 232 and a second array 240 of electrodes 242. The first and second arrays of electrodes are coupled in series between the output terminals of ion generating unit 160, as best seen in FIG. 3.

The general shape of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B is not critical. The top-to-bottom height of the preferred embodiment is perhaps 25 cm, with a left-tonight width of perhaps 15 cm, and a front-to-back depth of perhaps 7 cm, although other dimensions and shapes may of course be used. A louvered construction provides ample inlet and outlet venting in an economical housing configuration. There need be no real distinction between vents 104 and 106, except their location relative to the second array electrodes, and indeed a common vent could be used. These vents serve to ensure that an adequate flow of ambient air may be drawn into or made available to the present invention, and that an adequate flow of ionized air that includes safe amounts of O₃ flows out from unit 130. In the embodiments of FIGS. 2A and 2B (and 2C and 2D), vents are defined as openings between louvers. Of course, a grill-like construction or a panel with discrete holes or other openings may instead be used.

It is useful to provide vent opening sufficiently large to permit occasional cleaning and perhaps replacement of components within the electrode assembly. Of course such access to the electrode assembly may be provided by removing the electrode assembly via a removable panel in housing 102.

The embodiment of FIGS. 2C and 2D is somewhat smaller in size and includes an illumination source LI and optionally an ambient light sensing device "SEN". System 100' in FIGS. 2C and 2D is otherwise similar in operation to system 100. It is especially useful to operate system 100' from 115 VAC or 220 VAC available from a wall socket 118. Thus, projecting male power connector blades P1 and P2 mater with AC-providing connector slots R1 and R2 to deliver raw AC operating power to system 100'. Within system 100', the AC power will be converted to DC and used to operate the internal electronics. Illumination source L1 may be operated from the raw AC or from internally provided DC. L1 may be incandescent, florescent, light emitting diodes ("LEDs"), plasma, electroluminescent, or other light source. In a manner known to those skilled in the art, L1 will be coupled to operating power only when the light sensors (SEN) senses that ambient conditions are sufficiently dark to warrant illuminating L1. In embodiments lacking a sensor, L1 can be switched on or off with a switch such as S1.

As will be described, when unit 100 is energized, high voltage output by ion generator 160 produces ions at the first electrode array, which ions are attracted to the second electrode array. The movement of the ions in an "IN" to "OUT" direction carries with them air molecules, thus electrokinetically producing an outflow of ionized air. The "IN" notation in FIGS. 2A and 2C denote the intake of ambient air with particulate matter (dust, dirt, etc.) 60. The "OUT" notation in the figures denotes the outflow of cleaned air substantially devoid of the particulate matter, which adheres electrostatically to the surface of the second array electrodes. In the process of generating the ionized air flow, safe amounts of ozone (O₃) are beneficially produced. It may be desired to provide the inner surface of housing 102 with an electrostatic shield to reduces detectable electromagnetic radiation. For example, a metal shield could be disposed within the housing, or portions of the interior of the housing could be coated with a metallic paint to reduce such radiation.

FIG. 3 is drawn generically to depict both AC-operated and DC-operated embodiments of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, ion generating unit 160 includes a high voltage generator unit 170 and, where needed, circuitry 180 to rectify raw alternating voltage (e.g., 117 VAC) into direct current ("DC") voltage. Circuitry 180 preferably includes circuitry controlling the shape and/or duty cycle of the generator unit output voltage (which control is altered with user switch S2). Circuitry 180 preferably also includes a pulse mode component, coupled to switch S3, to temporarily provide a burst of increased output ozone. Circuitry 180 can also include a timer circuit and a visual indicator such as a light emitting diode ("LED"). The LED or other indicator (including, if desired, audible indicator) signals when ion generation is occurring. The timer can automatically halt generation of ions and/or ozone after some predetermined time, e.g., 30 minutes.

High voltage generator unit 170 preferably comprises a low voltage oscillator circuit 190 of perhaps 20 KHz frequency, that outputs low voltage pulses to an electronic switch 200, e.g., a thyristor or the like. Switch 200 switchably couples the low voltage pulses to the input winding of a step-up transformer T1. The secondary winding of T1 is coupled to a high voltage multiplier circuit 210 that outputs high voltage pulses. Preferably the circuitry and components comprising high pulse generator 170 and circuit 180 are fabricated on a printed circuit board that is mounted within housing 102.

If desired, external audio input (e.g., from a stereo tuner) could be suitably coupled to oscillator 190 to acoustically modulate the kinetic airflow produced by unit 160. The result would be an electrostatic loudspeaker, whose output air flow is audible to the human ear in accordance with the audio input signal. Further, the output air stream would still include ions and ozone.

Output pulses from high voltage generator 170 preferably are at least 10 KV peak-to-peak with an effective DC offset of perhaps half the peak-to-peak voltage, and have a frequency of perhaps 20 KHz. The pulse train output preferably has a duty cycle of perhaps 10%, which will promote battery lifetime. Of course, different peak-peak amplitudes, DC offsets, pulse train waveshapes, duty cycle, and/or repetition frequencies may instead be used. Indeed, a 100% pulse train (e.g., an essentially DC high voltage) may be used, albeit with shorter battery lifetime. Thus, generator unit 170 may (but need not) be referred to as a high voltage pulse generator.

Frequency of oscillation is not especially critical but frequency of at least about 20 KHz is preferred as being inaudible to humans. If pets will be in the same room as the present invention, it may be desired to utilize an even higher operating frequency, to prevent pet discomfort and/or howling by the pet.

The output from high voltage pulse generator unit 170 is coupled to an electrode assembly 220 that comprises a first electrode array 230 and a second electrode array 240. Unit 170 functions as a DC:DC high voltage generator, and could be implemented using other circuitry and/or techniques to output high voltage pulses that are input to electrode assembly 220.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the positive output terminal of unit 170 is coupled to first electrode array 230, and the negative output terminal is coupled to second electrode array 240. This coupling polarity has been found to work well, including minimizing unwanted audible electrode vibration or hum. An electrostatic flow of air is created, going from the first electrode array towards the second electrode array. (This flow is denoted "OUT" in the figures.) Accordingly electrode assembly 220 is mounted within transporter system 100 such that second electrode array 240 is closer to the OUT vents and first electrode array 230 is closer to the IN vents.

When voltage or pulses from high voltage pulse generator 170 are coupled across first and second electrode arrays 230 and 240, it is believed that a plasma-like field is created surrounding electrodes 232 in first array 230. This electric field ionizes the ambient air between the first and second electrode arrays and establishes an "OUT" airflow that moves towards the second array. It is understood that the IN flow enters via vent(s) 104, and that the OUT flow exits via vent(s) 106.

It is believed that ozone and ions are generated simultaneously by the first array electrode(s) 232, essentially as a function of the potential from generator 170 coupled to the first array. Ozone generation may be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the potential at the first array. Coupling an opposite polarity potential to the second array electrode(s) 242 essentially accelerates the motion of ions generated at the first array, producing the air flow denoted as "OUT" in the figures. As the ions move toward the second array, it is believed that they push or move air molecules toward the second array. The relative velocity of this motion may be increased by decreasing the potential at the second array relative to the potential at the first array.

For example, if +10 KV were applied to the first array electrode(s), and no potential were applied to the second array electrode(s), a cloud of ions (whose net charge is positive) would form adjacent the first electrode array. Further, the relatively high 10 KV potential would generate substantial ozone. By coupling a relatively negative potential to the second array electrode(s), the velocity of the air mass moved by the net emitted ions increases, as momentum of the moving ions is conserved.

On the other hand, if it were desired to maintain the same effective outflow (OUT) velocity but to generate less ozone, the exemplary 10 KV potential could be divided between the electrode arrays. For example, generator 170 could provide +4 KV (or some other fraction) to the first array electrode(s) and -6 KV (or some other fraction) to the second array electrode(s). In this example, it is understood that the +4 KV and the -6 KV are measured relative to ground. Understandably it is desired that the present invention operate to output safe amounts of ozone. Accordingly, the high voltage is preferably fractionalized with about +4 KV applied to the first array electrodes) and about -6 KV applied to the second array electrodes.

As noted, outflow (OUT) preferably includes safe amounts of O₃ that can destroy or at least substantially alter bacteria, germs, and other living (or quasi-living) matter subjected to the outflow. Thus, when switch S1 is closed and B1 has sufficient operating potential, pulses from high voltage pulse generator unit 170 create an outflow (OUT) of ionized air and O₃. When S1 is closed, LED will visually signal when ionization is occurring.

Preferably operating parameters of the present invention are set during manufacture and are not user-adjustable. For example, increasing the peak-to-peak output voltage and/or duty cycle in the high voltage pulses generated by unit 170 can increase air flowrate, ion content, and ozone content. In the preferred embodiment, output flowrate is about 200 feet/minute, ion content is about 2,000,000/cc and ozone content is about 40 ppb (over ambient) to perhaps 2,000 ppb (over ambient). Decreasing the R2/R1 ratio below about 20:1 will decrease flow rate, as will decreasing the peak-to-peak voltage and/or duty cycle of the high voltage pulses coupled between the first and second electrode arrays.

In practice, unit 100 is placed in a closet is energized, or unit 100' is plugged into an appropriate source of operating potential in a room, e.g., 117 VAC. When energized (by being coupled to the source of operating potential), ionization unit 160 emits ionized air and preferably some ozone (O₃) via outlet vents 150. The air flow, coupled with the ions and ozone freshens the nearby air in the closet or room, and the ozone can beneficially destroy or at least diminish the undesired effects of certain odors, bacteria, germs, and the like. The air flow is indeed electro-kinetically produced, in that there are no intentionally moving parts within the present invention. (As noted, some mechanical vibration may occur within the electrodes.) As will be described with respect to FIG. 4A, it is desirable that the present invention actually output a net surplus of negative ions, as these ions are deemed more beneficial to health than are positive ions.

Having described various aspects of the invention in general, preferred embodiments of electrode assembly 220 will now be described. In the various embodiments, electrode assembly 220 will comprise a first array 230 of at least one electrode 232, and will further comprise a second array 240 of preferably at least one electrode 242. Understandably material(s) for electrodes 232 and 242 should conduct electricity, be resilient to corrosive effects from the application of high voltage, yet be strong enough to be cleaned.

In the various electrode assemblies to be described herein, electrode(s) 232 in the first electrode array 230 are preferably fabricated from tungsten. Tungsten is sufficiently robust to withstand cleaning, has a high melting point to retard breakdown due to ionization, and has a rough exterior surface that seems to promote efficient ionization. On the other hand, electrodes 242 preferably will have a highly polished exterior surface to minimize unwanted point-to-point radiation. As such, electrodes 242 preferably are fabricated from stainless steel, brass, among other materials. The polished surface of electrodes 232 also promotes ease of electrode cleaning.

In contrast to the prior art electrodes disclosed by Lee, electrodes 232 and 242 according to the present invention are light weight, easy to fabricate, and lend themselves to mass production. Further, electrodes 232 and 242 described herein promote more efficient generation of ionized air, and production of safe amounts of ozone, O₃.

In the present invention, a high voltage pulse generator 170 is coupled between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240. The high voltage pulses produce a flow of ionized air that travels in the direction from the first array towards the second array (indicated herein by hollow arrows denoted "OUT"). As such, electrode(s) 232 may be referred to as an emitting electrode, and electrodes 242 may be referred to as collector electrodes. This outflow advantageously contains safe amounts of O₃, and exits the present invention from vent(s) 106.

According to the present invention, it is preferred that the positive output terminal or port of the high voltage pulse generator be coupled to electrodes 232, and that the negative output terminal or port be coupled to electrodes 242. It is believed that the net polarity of the emitted ions is positive, e.g., more positive ions than negative ions are emitted. In any event, the preferred electrode assembly electrical coupling minimizes audible hum from electrodes 232 contrasted with reverse polarity (e.g., interchanging the positive and negative output port connections).

However, while generation of positive ions is conducive to a relatively silent air flow, from a health standpoint, it is desired that the output air flow be richer in negative ions, not positive ions. It is noted that in some embodiments, however, one port (preferably the negative port) of the high voltage pulse generator may in fact be the ambient air. Thus, electrodes in the second array need not be connected to the high voltage pulse generator using wire. Nonetheless, there will be an "effective connection" between the second array electrodes and one output port of the high voltage pulse generator, in this instance, via ambient air.

Turning now to the embodiments of FIGS. 4A and 4B, electrode assembly 220 comprises a first array 230 of wire electrodes 232, and a second array 240 of generally "U"-shaped electrodes 242. In preferred embodiments, the number N1 of electrodes comprising the first array will preferably differ by one relative to the number N2 of electrodes comprising the second array. In many of the embodiments shown, N2>N1. However, if desired, in FIG. 4A, addition first electrodes 232 could be added at the out ends of array 230 such that N1>N2, e.g., five electrodes 232 compared to four electrodes 242.

Electrodes 232 are preferably lengths of tungsten wire, whereas electrodes 242 are formed from sheet metal, preferably stainless steel, although brass or other sheet metal could be used. The sheet metal is readily formed to define side regions 244 and bulbous nose region 246 for hollow elongated "U" shaped electrodes 242. While FIG. 4A depicts four electrodes 242 in second array 240 and three electrodes 232 in first array 230, as noted, other numbers of electrodes in each array could be used, preferably retaining a symmetrically staggered configuration as shown. It is seen in FIG. 4A that while particulate matter 60 is present in the incoming (IN) air, the outflow (OUT) air is substantially devoid of particulate matter, which adheres to the preferably large surface area provided by the second array electrodes (see FIG. 4B).

As best seen in FIG. 4B, the spaced-apart configuration between the arrays is staggered such that each first array electrode 232 is substantially equidistant from two second array electrodes 242. This symmetrical staggering has been found to be an especially efficient electrode placement. Preferably the staggering geometry is symmetrical in that adjacent electrodes 232 or adjacent electrodes 242 are spaced-apart a constant distance, Y1 and Y2 respectively. However, a non-symmetrical configuration could also be used, although ion emission and air flow would likely be diminished. Also, it is understood that the number of electrodes 232 and 242 may differ from what is shown.

In FIGS. 4A, typically dimensions are as follows: diameter of electrodes 232 is about 0.08 mm, distances Y1 and Y2 are each about 16 mm, distance X1 is about 16 mm, distance L is about 20 mm, and electrode heights Z1 and Z2 are each about 1 m. The width W of electrodes 242 is preferably about 4 mm, and the thickness of the material from which electrodes 242 are formed is about 0.5 mm. Of course other dimensions and shapes could be used. It is preferred that electrodes 232 be small in diameter to help establish a desired high voltage field. On the other hand, it is desired that electrodes 232 (as well as electrodes 242) be sufficiently robust to withstand occasional cleaning.

Electrodes 232 in first array 230 are coupled by a conductor 234 to a first (preferably positive) output port of high voltage pulse generator 170, and electrodes 242 in second array 240 are coupled by a conductor 244 to a second (preferably negative) output port of generator 170. It is relatively unimportant where on the various electrodes electrical connection is made to conductors 234 or 244. Thus, by way of example FIG. 4B depicts conductor 244 making connection with some electrodes 242 internal to bulbous end 246, while other electrodes 242 make electrical connection to conductor 244 elsewhere on the electrode. Electrical connection to the various electrodes 242 could also be made on the electrode external surface providing no substantial impairment of the outflow airstream results.

To facilitate removing the electrode assembly from unit 100 (as shown in FIG. 2B), it is preferred that the lower end of the various electrodes fit against mating portions of wire or other conductors 234 or 244. For example, "cup-like" members can be affixed to wires 234 and 244 into which the free ends of the various electrodes fit when electrode array 220 is inserted completely into housing 102 of unit 100.

The ratio of the effective electric field emanating area of electrode 232 to the nearest effective area of electrodes 242 is at least about 15:1, and preferably is at least 20:1. Thus, in the embodiment of FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, the ratio R2/R1≈2 mm/0.04 mm≈50:1.

In this and the other embodiments to be described herein, ionization appears to occur at the smaller electrode(s) 232 in the first electrode array 230, with ozone production occurring as a function of high voltage arcing. For example, increasing the peak-to-peak voltage amplitude and/or duty cycle of the pulses from the high voltage pulse generator 170 can increase ozone content in the output flow of ionized air. If desired, user-control S2 can be used to somewhat vary ozone content by varying (in a safe manner) amplitude and/or duty cycle. Specific circuitry for achieving such control is known in the art and need not be described in detail herein.

Note the inclusion in FIGS. 4A and 4B of at least one output controlling electrode 243, preferably electrically coupled to the same potential as the second array electrodes. Electrode 243 preferably defines a pointed shape in side profile, e.g., a triangle. The sharp point on electrode(s) 243 causes generation of substantial negative ions (since the electrode is coupled to relatively negative high potential). These negative ions neutralize excess positive ions otherwise present in the output air flow, such that the OUT flow has a net negative charge. Electrode(s) 243 preferably are stainless steel, copper, or other conductor, and are perhaps 20 mm high and about 12 mm wide at the base.

Another advantage of including pointed electrodes 243 is that they may be stationarily mounted within the housing of unit 100, and thus are not readily reached by human hands when cleaning the unit. Were it otherwise, the sharp point on electrode(s) 243 could easily cause cuts. The inclusion of one electrode 243 has been found sufficient to provide a sufficient number of output negative ions, but more such electrodes may be included.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4C, each "U"-shaped electrode 242 has two trailing edges that promote efficient kinetic transport of the outflow of ionized air and O₃. Note the inclusion on at least one portion of a trailing edge of a pointed electrode region 243'. Electrode region 243' helps promote output of negative ions, in the same fashion as was described with respect to FIGS. 4A and 4B. Note, however, the higher likelihood of a user cutting himself or herself when wiping electrodes 242 with a cloth or the like to remove particulate matter deposited thereon.

In FIG. 4C and the figures to follow, the particulate matter is omitted for ease of illustration. However, from what was shown in FIGS. 2A-4B, particulate matter will be present in the incoming air, and will be substantially absent from the outgoing air. As has been described, particulate matter 60 typically will be electrostatically precipitated upon the surface area of electrodes 242.

Note that the embodiments of FIGS. 4C and 4D depict somewhat truncated versions of electrodes 242. Whereas dimension L in the embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4B was about 20 mm, in FIGS. 4C and 4D, L has been shortened to about 8 mm. Other dimensions in FIG. 4C preferably are similar to those stated for FIGS. 4A and 4B. In FIGS. 4C and 4D, the inclusion of point-like regions 246 on the trailing edge of electrodes 242 seems to promote more efficient generation of ionized air flow. It will be appreciated that the configuration of second electrode array 240 in FIG. 4C can be more robust than the configuration of FIGS. 4A and 4B, by virtue of the shorter trailing edge geometry. As noted earlier, a symmetrical staggered geometry for the first and second electrode arrays is preferred for the configuration of FIG. 4C.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4D, the outermost second electrodes, denoted 242-1 and 242-2, have substantially no outermost trailing edges. Dimension L in FIG. 4D is preferably about 3 mm, and other dimensions may be as stated for the configuration of FIGS. 4A and 4B. Again, the R2/R1 ratio for the embodiment of FIG. 4D preferably exceeds about 20:1.

FIGS. 4E and 4F depict another embodiment of electrode assembly 220, in which the first electrode array comprises a single wire electrode 232, and the second electrode array comprises a single pair of curved "L"-shaped electrodes 242, in cross-section. Typical dimensions, where different than what has been stated for earlier-described embodiments, are X1≈12 mm, Y1≈6 mm, Y2≈5 mm, and L1≈3 mm. The effective R2/R1 ratio is again greater than about 20:1. The fewer electrodes comprising assembly 220 in FIGS. 4E and 4F promote economy of construction, and ease of cleaning, although more than one electrode 232, and more than two electrodes 242 could of course be employed. This embodiment again incorporates the staggered symmetry described earlier, in which electrode 232 is equidistant from two electrodes 242.

FIGS. 4G and 4H shown yet another embodiment for electrode assembly 220. In this embodiment, first electrode array is a length of wire 232, while the second electrode array 240 comprises a pair of rod or columnar electrodes 242. As in embodiments described earlier herein, it is preferred that electrode 232 be symmetrically equidistant from electrodes 242. Wire electrode 232 is preferably perhaps 0.08 mm tungsten, whereas columnar electrodes 242 are perhaps 2 mm diameter stainless steel. Thus, in this embodiment the R2/R1 ratio is about 25:1. Other dimensions may be similar to other configurations, e.g., FIGS. 4E, 4F. Of course electrode assembly 220 may comprise more than one electrode 232, and more than two electrodes 242.

An especially preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 4I and FIG. 4J, which embodiment is also depicted in FIGS. 2B and 2D. In these figures, the first electrode assembly comprises a single pin-like element 232 disposed coaxially with a second electrode array that comprises a single ring-like electrode 242 having a rounded inner opening 246. However, as indicated by phantom elements 232', 242', electrode assembly 220 may comprise a plurality of such pin-like and ring-like elements. Preferably electrode 232 is tungsten, and electrode 242 is stainless steel.

Typical dimensions for the embodiment of FIG. 4I and FIG. 4J are L≈10 mm, X1≈9.5 mm, T≈0.5 mm, and the diameter of opening 246 is about 12 mm. Dimension L1 preferably is sufficiently long that upstream portions of electrode 232 (e.g., portions to the left in FIG. 4I) do not interfere with the electrical field between electrode 232 and the collector electrode 242. However, as shown in FIG. 4J, the effect R2/R1 ratio is governed by the tip geometry of electrode 232. Again, in the preferred embodiment, this ratio exceeds about 20:1. Lines drawn in phantom in FIG. 4J depict theoretical electric force field lines, emanating from emitter electrode 232, and on the curved surface of collector electrode 246. Preferably the bulk of the field emanates within about ±45° of coaxial axis between electrode 232 and electrode 242. On the other hand, if the opening in electrode 242 and/or electrode 232 and 242 geometry is such that too narrow an angle about the coaxial axis exists, air flow will be unduly restricted.

One advantage of the ring-pin electrode assembly configuration shown in FIG. 4I is that the flat regions of ring-like electrode 242 provide sufficient surface area to which particulate matter 60 entrained in the moving air stream can attach, yet be readily cleaned. FIGS. 4I and 4J depict first array electrode(s) 232 as being cone-like or pin-like in shape, with a pointed end directed toward the opening in second array electrode 242. However, it is understood that first array "pointed" electrodes 232 may be flattened in shape, e.g., to be an elongated triangle or diamond, a point of which is directed toward the opening in second array electrode 242.

Applicants' ring-pin configurations advantageously generate more ozone than prior art configurations, or the configurations of FIGS. 4A-4H. For example, whereas the configurations of FIGS. 4A-4H may generate perhaps 50 ppb ozone, the configuration of FIG. 4I can generate about 2,000 ppb ozone.

Nonetheless it will be appreciated that applicants' first array pin electrodes may be utilized with the second array electrodes of FIGS. 4A-4H. Further, applicants' second array ring electrodes may be utilized with the first array electrodes of FIGS. 4A-4H. For example, in modifications of the embodiments of FIGS. 4A-4H, each wire or columnar electrode 232 is replaced by a column of electrically series-connected pin electrodes (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 4I-4K), while retaining the second electrode arrays as depicted in these figures. By the same token, in other modifications of the embodiments of FIGS. 4A-4H, the first array electrodes can remain as depicted, but each of the second array electrodes 242 is replaced by a column of electrically series-connected ring electrodes (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 4I-4K).

In FIG. 4J, a detailed cross-sectional view of the central portion of electrode 242 in FIG. 4I is shown. As best seen in FIG. 4J, curved region 246 adjacent the central opening in electrode 242 appears to provide an acceptably large surface area to which many ionization paths from the distal tip of electrode 232 have substantially equal path length. Thus, while the distal tip (or emitting tip) of electrode 232 is advantageously small to concentrate the electric field between the electrode arrays, the adjacent regions of electrode 242 preferably provide many equidistant inter-electrode array paths. A high exit flowrate of perhaps 90 feet/minute and 2,000 ppb range ozone emission attainable with this configuration confirm a high operating efficiency.

In FIG. 4K, one or more electrodes 232 is replaced by a conductive block 232" of carbon fibers, the block having a distal surface in which projecting fibers 233-1, . . . 233-N take on the appearance of a "bed of nails". The projecting fibers can each act as an emitting electrode and provide a plurality of emitting surfaces. Over a period of time, some or all of the electrodes will literally be consumed, whereupon graphite block 232" will be replaced. Materials other than graphite may be used for block 232" providing the material has a surface with projecting conductive fibers such as 233-N.

As described, the net output of ions is influenced by placing a bias element (e.g., element 243) near the output stream and preferably near the downstream side of the second array electrodes. If no ion output were desired, such an element could achieve substantial neutralization. It will also be appreciated that the present invention could be adjusted to produce ions without producing ozone, if desired.

Modifications and variations may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the subject and spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims. Although the preferred embodiments are sized to fit within hand-holdable housings, it is understood that different sizes and configurations may instead be used. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A hand-held sized electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner, comprising:a housing defining at least one vent and having a form factor selected from a group consisting of (a) a housing sized to fit upon a shelf in a closet, and (b) a housing sized to directly mate with a 115/220 VAC electrical outlet; a self-contained ion generator disposed in said body and including; a high voltage generator having first and second output ports, one of which ports may be at a same potential as ambient air, that outputs a signal whose duty cycle can be about 10% to about 100%; and an electrode assembly, effectively coupled between said output ports, comprising a first electrode array that includes at least one electrode having a pointed tip aimed generally in a downstream direction, and a second electrode array that includes at least one electrically conductive member through which there is defined at least one substantially circular opening disposed generally coaxial with and in a downstream direction from said pointed tip of said first electrode, said electrically conductive member having a first surface facing said first electrode array and, transitioning smoothly and continuously from said first surface, a second surface surrounding a periphery of said substantially circular opening to form a skirt-like region having a continuous interior surface, said skirt-like region extending in said downstream direction and an interior surface of said skirt-like region being a single continuous surface; wherein said ion generator outputs an electrostatic flow in a downstream direction toward said second electrode array, said electrostatic flow including at least one of ionized air and ozone; wherein at least some particulate matter entrained in said flow collects on said continuous interior surface of said electrically conductive member.
 2. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein:said second electrode array is a loop of conductive material.
 3. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein:said first electrode array includes at least two electrodes that each have a pointed tip aimed generally toward said opening; and said second electrode array is a single ring of conductive material encircling said opening.
 4. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein:said first electrode array includes at least two electrodes that each have a pointed tip; and said second electrode array includes at least two electrically conductive members that each define a substantially circular opening disposed generally coaxial with and in a downstream direction from a pointed tip of an electrode in said first, electrode array.
 5. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein:said first electrode array includes at least one electrode made from a material having a distal end that defines a plurality of projecting conductive fibers.
 6. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein an edge of said electrically conductive member surrounding said opening is rounded on a member surface facing said first electrode array.
 7. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein said high voltage generator has at least one output signal characteristic selected from a group consisting of (a) said generator provides a first potential measurable relative to ground to said first electrode array and provides a second potential measurable relative to ground to said second electrode array, (b) said generator provides a first positive potential measurable relative to ground to said first electrode array and provides a second negative potential measurable relative to ground to said second electrode array, and (c) said generator provides a first potential and a second potential in which at least one of said first potential and said second potential has an absolute magnitude of at least about 1 kV.
 8. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein said electrode assembly has at least one characteristic selected from a group consisting of (i) said member defines in cross-section a tapered region terminating towards said circular opening, (ii) said member defines in cross-section a rounded region terminating towards said circular opening, (c) said member defines in cross-section a rounded profile terminating in said circular opening, (d) a ratio of effective radius of a first electrode array-facing edge of said member surrounding said opening to effective radius of said pointed tip exceeds about 15:1, and (e) said member includes stainless steel.
 9. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein said electrode in said first electrode array has at least one characteristic selected from a group consisting of (a) said electrode includes tungsten, (b) said electrode includes stainless steel, and (c) said electrode includes projecting fibers of carbon.
 10. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, wherein:said transporter-conditioner operates from 115/220 VAC; said housing includes first and second spaced-apart power connector projections sized to mate with first and second slots in an AC wall connector; and further including: a source of illumination coupled to said power connector projections; wherein said transporter-conditioner conditions ambient air and provides illumination.
 11. The transporter-conditioner of claim 1, further including a bias electrode to determine net polarity of ions generated by said transporter-conditioner.
 12. A method of electro-kinetically providing a flow of cleaned air containing at least one of ions and ozone, the method comprising the following steps:(a) providing a handholdable body; (b) disposing within said body an electrode assembly comprising a first electrode array that includes at least one electrode having a pointed tip aimed generally in a downstream direction, and a second electrode array that includes at least one electrically conductive member through which there is defined at least one substantially circular opening disposed generally coaxial with and in a downstream direction from said pointed tip of said first electrode, said electrically conductive member having a first surface facing said first electrode array and, transitioning smoothly and continuously from said first surface, a second surface surrounding a periphery of said substantially circular opening to form a skirt-like region having a continuous interior surface, said skirt-like region extending in said downstream direction and an interior surface of said region being a single continuous surface; and (c) within said body, generating high voltage with a duty cycle that can be about 10% to about 100% and coupling said high voltage across said first electrode array and said second electrode array; wherein said ion generator outputs an electrostatic flow in a downstream direction toward said second electrode array said electrostatic flow including at least one of ionized air and ozone; wherein at least some particulate matter entrained in said flow collects on said continuous interior surface of said electrically conductive member.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein step (b) includes providing said second electrode array as a loop of conductive material.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein step (b) includes providing said first electrode array with at least two electrodes that each have a pointed tip aimed generally toward said opening; and providing said second electrode array as a single ring of conductive material encircling said opening.
 15. The method of claim 12, wherein step (b) includes:providing said first electrode array with at least first and second electrodes that each have a pointed tip; and providing said second electrode array with at least first and second said electrically conductive members that each define a substantially circular opening, and disposing said first and second electrically conductive members generally coaxial with and in a downstream direction from, respectively, said pointed tip said first and second electrodes in said first electrode array.
 16. The method of claim 12, wherein step (b) includes:providing said first electrode array with at least one electrode made from a material having a distal end that includes a plurality of projecting conductive fibers.
 17. The method of claim 12, wherein step (b) includes rounding an edge of said electrically conductive member surrounding said opening on a member surface facing said first electrode array.
 18. The method of claim 12, wherein step (c) includes generating and coupling said high voltage to provide a first potential measurable relative to ground to said first electrode array and to provide a second potential measurable relative to ground to said second electrode array, wherein at least one of said first potential and said second potential may be either polarity relative to ground, and at least one of said first potential and said second potential are generated with an absolute magnitude of at least about 1 kV.
 19. The method of claim 12, wherein:step (a) includes providing said body with first and second spaced-apart power connector projections sized to mate with first and second slots in a 115/220 VAC wall connector; step (b) includes generating said high voltage from 115/220 VAC; the method further including disposing on said body a source of illumination coupled to said power connector projections; wherein said transporter-conditioner conditions ambient air and provides illumination.
 20. The method of claim 12, wherein step (b) includes:providing a bias electrode, coupled to said second electrode array, to control polarity of ions output from said housing.
 21. The method of claim 12, wherein step (b) includes providing an electrode assembly having at least one characteristic selected from a group consisting of (i) said electrode in said first electrode array defines in cross-section a tapered region terminating towards said circular opening, (ii) said electrode in said first electrode array defines in cross-section a rounded region terminating towards said circular opening, (c) said electrode in said first electrode array defines in cross-section a rounded profile terminating in said circular opening, and (d) a ratio of effective radius of a first electrode array-facing edge of said electrically conductive member surrounding said opening to effective radius of said pointed tip exceeds about 15:1.
 22. A hand-held sized electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner, comprising:a handholdable body defining at least one vent; a self-contained ion generator disposed in said body and including: a high voltage generator having first and second output ports, one of which ports may be at a same potential as ambient air, that outputs a signal whose duty cycle can be about 10% to about 100%; and an electrode assembly, effectively coupled between said output ports, comprising a first electrode array that includes at least one electrically-conductive rod-like electrode, and a second electrode array that includes at least first and second electrically conductive hollow electrodes disposed parallel to and equidistant from said rod-like electrode, the first electrically-conductive hollow electrode including an electrode surface parallel to a closest electrode surface of the second electrically-conductive electrode; wherein said ion generator outputs an electrostatic flow in a downstream direction toward said second electrode array, said electrostatic flow including at least one of ionized air and ozone; wherein the electrode surfaces of said first and second electrically-conductive hollow electrodes are sized to collect at least some particulate matter entrained in said flow.
 23. The transporter-conditioner of claim 22, wherein the first and second electrically-conductive electrodes in said second electrode array include at least two electrodes that in cross-section define a "U"-shape having a bulbous nose region and first and second trailing edge regions and are disposed with said bulbous nose regions facing said rod-like electrode and are equidistant therefrom.
 24. The transporter-conditioner of claim 23, wherein an electrode in said electrode assembly has at least one characteristic selected from a group consisting of (a) a portion of one trailing edge region of said members is longer than a remaining trailing edge region on said electrode, (b) said trailing edge region of said members defines at least one pointed projection facing downstream, (c) a ratio of effective radius of an electrode in said second electrode array to effective radius of said wire electrode exceeds about 15:1, and (d) said electrode includes means for altering polarity of ions output by said transporter-conditioner.
 25. The transporter-conditioner of claim 22, wherein:said second electrode array includes at least two electrically conductive electrodes that in cross-section define an "L"-shape having a curved nose region; the "L"-shaped electrodes being disposed such that said curved nose regions face said wire electrode and are equidistant therefrom.
 26. The transporter-conditioner of claim 22, wherein a portion of electrodes in said second array include at least one pointed projection facing downstream.
 27. The transporter-conditioner of claim 22, wherein:a ratio of radius of an electrode in said second electrode array to radius of said rod-like electrode in said first electrode array exceeds about 15:1.
 28. The transporter-conditioner of claim 22, wherein said rod-like electrode is wire.
 29. The transporter-conditioner of claim 22, wherein:said transporter-conditioner operates from 115/220 VAC; said body includes first and second spaced-apart power connector projections sized to mate with first and second slots in an AC wall connector; and further including: a source of illumination, mounted at least partially within said body, coupled to said power connector projections; wherein said transporter-conditioner conditions ambient air and provides illumination.
 30. The transporter-conditioner of claim 22, further including means, coupled to said second electrode array, for controlling polarity of ions output from said transporter-conditioner.
 31. A method of providing a self-contained transporter-conditioner, the method comprising the following steps:(a) providing a handholdable body; (b) disposing within said body an electrode assembly comprising a first electrode array including an electrically-conductive rod-like electrode, and a second electrode array including at least first and second electrically-conductive hollow electrodes disposed parallel to and equidistant from said rod-like electrode, the first electrically-conductive hollow electrode including an electrode surface parallel to a closest electrode surface of the second electrically-conductive electrode and (c) within said body, generating high voltage with a duty cycle that can be about 10% to about 100% and coupling said high voltage across said first electrode array and said second electrode array; wherein an electrostatic flow is output that flows in a downstream direction toward said second electrode array, said electrostatic flow including at least one of ionized air and ozone; wherein electrode surfaces of said first and second electrically-conductive hollow electrodes are sized to collect at least some particulate matter entrained in said flow.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein step (b) includes providing said electrically-conductive electrodes in said second electrode array with at least two electrodes that in cross-section each define a "U"-shape having a bulbous nose region and first and second trailing edge regions and are disposed such that each said bulbous nose region faces said wire electrode and is equidistant therefrom.
 33. The method of claim 31, wherein step (b) includes providing said second electrode array with at least two electrically conductive electrodes that in cross-section each define an "L"-shape having a curved nose region and are disposed such that each said curved nose region faces said wire electrode and is equidistant therefrom.
 34. The method of claim 31, wherein step (b) includes providing a wire for said rod-like electrode in said first electrode assembly.
 35. The method of claim 31, wherein step (b) includes providing an edge portion of said electrically-conductive electrodes in said second electrode array with at least one pointed projection facing downstream.
 36. The method of claim 31, wherein step (b) includes providing a bias electrode, coupled to said second electrode array, to control polarity of ions output from said body.
 37. The method of claim 31, wherein step (c) includes generating and coupling said high voltage to provide a first potential measurable relative to ground to said first electrode array and to provide a second potential measurable relative to ground to said second electrode array, wherein at least one of said first potential and said second potential may be either polarity relative to ground.
 38. The method of claim 31, wherein step (c) includes generating and coupling said high voltage to provide at least one of said first potential and said second potential with an absolute magnitude of at least about 1 kV.
 39. The method of claim 31, wherein a ratio of radius of an electrically-conductive electrode in said second electrode array to ratio of said rod-like electrode in said first electrode array exceeds about 15:1.
 40. The method of claim 31, wherein:step (a) includes providing said body with first and second spaced-apart power connector projections sized to mate with first and second slots in a 115/220 VAC wall connector; step (b) includes generating said high voltage from 115/220 VAC; the method further including disposing on said body a source of illumination coupled to said power connector projections; wherein said transporter-conditioner conditions ambient air and provides illumination.
 41. The method of claim 31, wherein step (b) includes:providing a bias electrode, coupled to said second electrode array, to control polarity of ions output from said housing. 